計程三口試-掃地機器人

2022-05-07
作者 XChiChiX
~18.93K 字
次閱讀
則評論

1. 第1~5題
2. 第6~9題
3. 第10題
4. 第11題
5. 後記

口試，是通往計程四之前的最後一戰，採線上的方式進行，預約制，我預約的時間為4/23 10:00，前一天想當然的興奮到差點睡不著覺。到了當天，8:00起床，內心還是十分緊張，不斷重複確認自己的程式碼，為的就是被問問題時能夠流暢的回答出來。到了9:55，教授已經開啟了google meet，戰場就在前方，現在的我，就是一名戰士。到了10:05，口試結束，沒想到教授問的問題比我想像中的少，就大概確認一下這程式是你寫的而已，安全下庄。

總共有11題，前面9題都是為了引導你做出第10題的，最後一題則是加分用，那麼就開始吧。

第1~5題

建立一個名為Robot的class，再加上題目指定的變數即可，注意其皆為private。

C++

class Robot{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
        int chargingX;
        int chargingY;
        int power;
        int maxPower;
        int targetX;
        int targetY;
};

在Robot類別內，建立一個沒有參數的建構子，為變數賦值。

C++

class Robot{
    public:
        Robot(): x(0), y(0), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
};

在Robot類別內，建立一個有參數的建構子，設定目前位置為傳入的值。

C++

class Robot{
    public:
        Robot(int a, int b): x(a), y(b), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
};

在Robot類別內，建立題目指定之methods，使用public使其可以從外部設定與讀取。顯示資料的部分則可以利用gotoxy()函式(定義先省略)，在指定位置輸出。這邊我另外加上了PowerPro()，用來回傳電量比例。

C++

class Robot{
    public:
        void SetLocation(int a, int b){
            x = a;
            y = b;
        }
        void SetChargingLocation(int cx, int cy){
            chargingX = cx;
            chargingY = cy;
        }
        void SetPower(int p){
            power = p;
        }
        void SetMaxPower(int p){
            maxPower = p;
        }
        double PowerPro(){
            return (double)power/(double)maxPower*100.0;
        }
        void SetTargetLocation(int tx, int ty){
            targetX = tx;
            targetY = ty;
        }
        void Status(){
            gotoxy(0, 16);
            cout << "Location = (" << x << "," << y << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 17);
            cout << "Charging Location = (" << chargingX << "," << chargingY << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 18);
            cout << "Power = ";
            cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << PowerPro() << "%  ";
            gotoxy(0, 19);
            cout << "Target Location = (" << targetX << "," << targetY << ")  ";
            gotoxy(0, 20);
        }
};

新增一個移動的method，根據目前位置和目的位置，對x, y做比較，不斷更新目前位置，直到其到達目的地。

C++

class Robot{
    public:
        void MoveTo(){
            if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return;
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << " ";
            if(x < targetX) ++x;
            else if(x > targetX) --x;
            if(y < targetY) ++y;
            else if(y > targetY) --y;
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << "R";
        }
};

接著建立一個Robot型態無參數的物件robot1，利用之前所寫的method設定目前位置與目的位置，就可以開始移動了。

HideCursor()函數用來隱藏光標。

同上一題，只是變成有參數。

照著題目走即可。

C++

int main(){
    Robot *robot1 = new Robot();
    Robot *robot2 = new Robot(20, 20);

    robot1->SetLocation(0, 0);
    robot1->SetChargingLocation(10, 10);
    robot1->SetPower(150);
    robot1->SetMaxPower(150);
    robot1->SetTargetLocation(20, 20);
    
    robot2->SetLocation(50, 30);
    robot2->SetChargingLocation(10, 10);
    robot2->SetPower(20);
    robot2->SetMaxPower(100);
    robot2->SetTargetLocation(15, 15);
    
    return 0;
}

用一個迴圈讓兩部機器人輪流移動，利用Sleep()函數製造延遲，不然會機器人順移，狀態就先不顯示了。

到目前為止的程式碼如下

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

void gotoxy(int x, int y){
    COORD pos;
    HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);// 獲取標準輸出裝置控制代碼
    pos.X = x, pos.Y = y;
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, pos);//兩個引數分別是指定哪個窗體，具體位置
}

void HideCursor(){
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = {1, 0};
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursor_info);
}

class Robot{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
        int chargingX;
        int chargingY;
        int power;
        int maxPower;
        int targetX;
        int targetY;
    public:
        Robot(): x(0), y(0), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
        Robot(int a, int b): x(a), y(b), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
        void SetLocation(int a, int b){
            x = a;
            y = b;
        }
        void SetChargingLocation(int cx, int cy){
            chargingX = cx;
            chargingY = cy;
        }
        void SetPower(int p){
            power = p;
        }
        void SetMaxPower(int p){
            maxPower = p;
        }
        double PowerPro(){
            return (double)power/(double)maxPower*100.0;
        }
        void SetTargetLocation(int tx, int ty){
            targetX = tx;
            targetY = ty;
        }
        void Status(){
            gotoxy(0, 16);
            cout << "Location = (" << x << "," << y << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 17);
            cout << "Charging Location = (" << chargingX << "," << chargingY << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 18);
            cout << "Power = ";
            cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << PowerPro() << "%  ";
            gotoxy(0, 19);
            cout << "Target Location = (" << targetX << "," << targetY << ")  ";
            gotoxy(0, 20);
        }
        void MoveTo(){
            if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return;
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << " ";
            if(x < targetX) ++x;
            else if(x > targetX) --x;
            if(y < targetY) ++y;
            else if(y > targetY) --y;
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << "R";
        }
};

int main(){
    HideCursor();
    Robot *robot1 = new Robot();
    Robot *robot2 = new Robot(20, 20);

    robot1->SetLocation(0, 0);
    robot1->SetChargingLocation(10, 10);
    robot1->SetPower(150);
    robot1->SetMaxPower(150);
    robot1->SetTargetLocation(20, 20);
    
    robot2->SetLocation(50, 30);
    robot2->SetChargingLocation(10, 10);
    robot2->SetPower(20);
    robot2->SetMaxPower(100);
    robot2->SetTargetLocation(15, 15);
    while(true){
        robot1->MoveTo();
        robot2->MoveTo();
        Sleep(200);
    }
    return 0;
}

目前成果如下

第6~9題

在移動的method中，根據電量比例做判斷，若低於10%，則將目標設為充電站位置，若否，則繼續前進。

C++

void MoveTo(){
    if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return;
    if(PowerPro() >= 10){
        power -= 5;
        gotoxy(x, y);
        cout << " ";
        if(x < targetX) ++x;
        else if(x > targetX) --x;
        if(y < targetY) ++y;
        else if(y > targetY) --y;
        gotoxy(x, y);
        cout << "R";
    }
    else {
        gotoxy(x, y);
        cout << " ";
        if(x < chargingX) ++x;
        else if(x > chargingX) --x;
        if(y < chargingY) ++y;
        else if(y > chargingY) --y;
        gotoxy(x, y);
        cout << "R";
    }
}

照著題目走即可，這邊我建立一個CapacityPro()，方便取得容量比例。

需注意Status()呼叫的是父類別的Status()，以免造成遞迴，SetTargetLocation()也是。

C++

class SweeperRobot:public Robot{
    private:
        int capacity;
        int maxCapacity;
    public:
        SweeperRobot():Robot(){}
        SweeperRobot(int a, int b, int ca, int cb, int n):Robot(a, b, ca, cb){
            capacity = 0;
            maxCapacity = n;
        }
        void SetCapacity(int c){
            capacity = c;
        }
        void SetMaxCapacity(int c){
            maxCapacity = c;
        }
        void SetTargetLocation(int tx, int ty){
            Robot::SetTargetLocation(tx, ty);
        }
        double CapacityPro(){
            return (1.0-(double)capacity/(double)maxCapacity)*100.0;
        }
        void Status(){
            Robot::Status();
            cout << "Capacity = ";
            cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << CapacityPro() << "%  ";
        }
};

多了一個容量要判斷，這邊由於我實現移動的方式都寫在父類別，但是容量是屬於子類別的member，因此需在子類別的MoveTo()中呼叫父類別的MoveTo()時，傳入容量比例，也就是前面所寫的CapacityPro()。

C++

class Robot{
    public:
        void MoveTo(double CapacityPro){
            if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return;
            if(PowerPro() >= 10 && CapacityPro >= 5){
                power -= 5;
                gotoxy(x, y);
                cout << " ";
                if(x < targetX) ++x;
                else if(x > targetX) --x;
                if(y < targetY) ++y;
                else if(y > targetY) --y;
                gotoxy(x, y);
                cout << "R";
            }
            else {
                gotoxy(x, y);
                cout << " ";
                if(x < chargingX) ++x;
                else if(x > chargingX) --x;
                if(y < chargingY) ++y;
                else if(y > chargingY) --y;
                gotoxy(x, y);
                cout << "R";
            }
        }
};
class SweeperRobot:public Robot{
    private:
        int capacity;
        int maxCapacity;
    public:
        void MoveTo(){
            Robot::MoveTo(CapacityPro());
        }
};

第10題

前面的1~9題就是為了這題而生的，不過這裡需具現化一個垃圾的物件，內容很簡單，有x, y 座標，並且在建構的時候隨機生成在螢幕上即可。

C++

class Garbage{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
    public:
        int GetX(){
            return x;
        }
        int GetY(){
            return y;
        }
        Garbage(){
            x = rand() % width;
            y = rand() % height;
            show();
        }
        void show(){
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << "G";
        }
};

垃圾是每秒生成一個，所以勢必要有一個容器來儲存，這裡我使用了queue，根據其「先進先出」的特性，便可將機器人目標設為最早生成的垃圾，若清除成功，則將垃圾從queue中移除，不斷重複，若場上沒垃圾則會停在上一次清除垃圾的地方。

C++

int main(){
    int time = 0;
    queue<Garbage*> q;
    Garbage * gar = new Garbage();
    q.push(gar);
    Garbage *temp = q.front();

    while(true){
        Sleep(20);
        ++time;
        if(!q.empty()){
            temp = q.front();
            srobot->SetTargetLocation(temp->GetX(), temp->GetY());
            if(srobot->clearSuc()){ //clearSuc()用來判斷機器人是否走到垃圾位置
                q.pop();
                delete temp;
            }
        }
        if(time % 50 == 0){ //每過1秒生成一個垃圾
            Garbage * gar = new Garbage();
            q.push(gar);
        }
        srobot->MoveTo();
    }
    return 0;
}

根據題目要求，回到充電站不能同時進行充電與清空垃圾，因次需額外判斷此次回充電站之目的為何，這邊我在父類別的MoveTo()設了一個bool型態的回傳值，若為true，代表目的為清空垃圾，回到子類別中實現，完整程式碼如下

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <windows.h>
using namespace std;

#define width 80
#define height 15

void gotoxy(int x, int y){
    COORD pos;
    HANDLE hOut = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);// 獲取標準輸出裝置控制代碼
    pos.X = x, pos.Y = y;
    SetConsoleCursorPosition(hOut, pos);//兩個引數分別是指定哪個窗體，具體位置
}

void HideCursor(){
    CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = {1, 0};
    SetConsoleCursorInfo(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), &cursor_info);
}

class Robot{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
        int chargingX;
        int chargingY;
        int power;
        int maxPower;
        int targetX;
        int targetY;
    public:
        Robot(): x(0), y(0), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
        Robot(int a, int b): x(a), y(b), chargingX(0), chargingY(0), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
        Robot(int a, int b, int ca, int cb): x(a), y(b), chargingX(ca), chargingY(cb), power(100), maxPower(100), targetX(0), targetY(0){}
        void SetLocation(int a, int b){
            x = a;
            y = b;
        }
        void SetChargingLocation(int cx, int cy){
            chargingX = cx;
            chargingY = cy;
        }
        void SetPower(int p){
            power = p;
        }
        void SetMaxPower(int p){
            maxPower = p;
        }
        double PowerPro(){
            return (double)power/(double)maxPower*100.0;
        }
        void SetTargetLocation(int tx, int ty){
            targetX = tx;
            targetY = ty;
        }
        bool clearSuc(){
            if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return true;
            return false;
        }
        void Status(){
            gotoxy(0, 16);
            cout << "Location = (" << x << "," << y << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 17);
            cout << "Charging Location = (" << chargingX << "," << chargingY << ") ";
            gotoxy(0, 18);
            cout << "Power = ";
            cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << PowerPro() << "%  ";
            gotoxy(0, 19);
            cout << "Target Location = (" << targetX << "," << targetY << ")  ";
            gotoxy(0, 20);
        }
        bool MoveTo(double CapacityPro){
            if(x == targetX && y == targetY) return false;
                if(PowerPro() >= 10 && CapacityPro >= 5){
                    power -= 5;
                    gotoxy(x, y);
                    cout << " ";
                    if(x < targetX) ++x;
                    else if(x > targetX) --x;
                    if(y < targetY) ++y;
                    else if(y > targetY) --y;
                    gotoxy(x, y);
                    cout << "R";
                }
                else {
                    gotoxy(x, y);
                    cout << " ";
                    if(x < chargingX) ++x;
                    else if(x > chargingX) --x;
                    if(y < chargingY) ++y;
                    else if(y > chargingY) --y;
                    gotoxy(x, y);
                    cout << "R";
                }
                if(x == chargingX && y == chargingY){
                    if(PowerPro() < 10) power = maxPower;
                    else return true;
                }
            return false;
        }
};

class SweeperRobot: public Robot{
    private:
        int capacity;
        int maxCapacity;
    public:
        SweeperRobot():Robot(){}
        SweeperRobot(int a, int b, int ca, int cb, int n):Robot(a, b, ca, cb){
            capacity = 0;
            maxCapacity = n;
        }
        void SetCapacity(int c){
            capacity = c;
        }
        void SetMaxCapacity(int c){
            maxCapacity = c;
        }
        void SetTargetLocation(int tx, int ty){
            Robot::SetTargetLocation(tx, ty);
        }
        double CapacityPro(){
            return (1.0-(double)capacity/(double)maxCapacity)*100.0;
        }
        void MoveTo(int mode = 0){
            bool clearCapacity = Robot::MoveTo(CapacityPro());
            if(clearCapacity) capacity = 0;
            Status();
        }
        void Status(){
            Robot::Status();
            cout << "Capacity = ";
            cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << CapacityPro() << "%  ";
        }
        bool clearSuc(){
            if(Robot::clearSuc()){
                capacity += 5;
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
};

class Garbage{
    private:
        int x;
        int y;
    public:
        int GetX(){
            return x;
        }
        int GetY(){
            return y;
        }
        Garbage(){
            x = rand() % width;
            y = rand() % height;
            show();
        }
        void show(){
            gotoxy(x, y);
            cout << "G";
        }
};

int main(){
    srand(time(NULL));
    HideCursor();

    SweeperRobot *srobot = new SweeperRobot(0, 14, 0, 14, 100);
    srobot->SetPower(100);
    srobot->SetMaxPower(1000);
    srobot->SetTargetLocation(50, 10);

    int time = 0;
    queue<Garbage*> q;
    Garbage * gar = new Garbage();
    q.push(gar);
    Garbage *temp = q.front();

    while(true){
        Sleep(20);
        ++time;
        if(!q.empty()){
            temp = q.front();
            srobot->SetTargetLocation(temp->GetX(), temp->GetY());
            if(srobot->clearSuc()){
                q.pop();
                delete temp;
            }
        }
        if(time % 50 == 0){
            Garbage * gar = new Garbage();
            q.push(gar);
        }
        srobot->MoveTo();
    }
    return 0;
}

執行結果

第11題

就是將本來的電力低於10%改成確保可回到充電站就好，並且前往充電站途中會耗電3。我的想法是先找出當前機器人與充電站之間的最短移動距離，並判斷若移動後所剩餘的電量是否足夠讓其走回充電站，若足夠，則繼續朝向垃圾前進，若否，則前往充電站。程式碼懶得打了= =

後記

以上就是全部的題目，感謝各位的收看，打完這篇文章的時候我已經成功晉級到計程四了，可喜可賀阿，前方究竟還有什麼挑戰在等著我呢?我也不知道，想想就刺激。

XChiChiX

第1~5題

第6~9題

第10題

第11題

後記